Heat your olive oil and butter together in a large pot over medium heat. Chop your onion into bite-sized pieces and add them to the pot. Stir every couple minutes until the onion turns soft and golden, which takes about 5 minutes—you'll know it's ready when it's translucent and smells sweet.
Add your minced garlic to the softened onions and cook for another minute, stirring constantly. Don't panic if it looks like the garlic's sticking—that's actually flavor happening! The whole pot should smell amazing at this point.
Pour in your vegetable broth and bring it to a gentle boil. Add all your cauliflower florets and let everything simmer together for about 20 minutes until the cauliflower's super tender and falls apart easily when you poke it with a fork.
This is where the magic happens—carefully transfer everything (broth and veggies) into a blender in batches. Don't fill it more than halfway each time or hot liquid will explode everywhere—trust me, I learned this the hard way early on.
Blend each batch until completely smooth, about 2-3 minutes per batch. You're looking for zero lumps and that silky texture that makes people ask what restaurant you ordered from.
Pour the blended soup back into your pot and stir in the heavy cream over low heat. Add your lemon juice, salt, pepper, and nutmeg, then taste and adjust—if it needs more salt, add it a pinch at a time.
Stir in your shredded cheese until it melts completely into the soup, which takes about 2 minutes. Keep it on low heat and never boil once you've added the cream, otherwise it might separate (I've done this before and it looks kinda curdled, not the best).